{"id":8407,"date":"2026-06-07T06:03:08","date_gmt":"2026-06-07T05:03:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dublin.wordcamp.org\/2019\/?p=8407"},"modified":"2026-10-19T17:37:29","modified_gmt":"2026-10-19T16:37:29","slug":"jak-spravne-pouzivat-predbudouci-cas-prosty-future-perfect-simple-v-anglictine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dublin.wordcamp.org\/2019\/jak-spravne-pouzivat-predbudouci-cas-prosty-future-perfect-simple-v-anglictine\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat p\u0159edbudouc\u00ed \u010das prost\u00fd future perfect simple v angli\u010dtin\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u0159edbudouc\u00ed \u010das prost\u00fd, tedy future perfect simple<\/em>, slou\u017e\u00ed k vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed d\u011bje, kter\u00fd bude v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku v budoucnosti ji\u017e dokon\u010den. Nezam\u011b\u0159uje se pouze na to, co se stane, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na v\u00fdsledek, kter\u00fd bude v budoucnu patrn\u00fd. Mluv\u010d\u00ed se pomysln\u011b p\u0159esune do budouc\u00edho bodu a d\u00edv\u00e1 se zp\u011bt na \u010dinnost, je\u017e do t\u00e9 doby skon\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdznam lze jednodu\u0161e shrnout v\u011btou: \u201eA\u017e to nastane, u\u017e bude hotovo.\u201c Pr\u00e1v\u011b tento vztah mezi budouc\u00edm okam\u017eikem a je\u0161t\u011b d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm dokon\u010den\u00edm d\u011bje je pro future perfect simple<\/em> nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. V \u010desk\u00e9m p\u0159ekladu \u010dasto pou\u017eijeme b\u011b\u017en\u00fd budouc\u00ed nebo minul\u00fd tvar podle kontextu, angli\u010dtina v\u0161ak pomoc\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho \u010dasu p\u0159esn\u011b ukazuje, \u017ee dokon\u010den\u00ed p\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed jin\u00e9mu budouc\u00edmu momentu.<\/p>\n

Jak se future perfect simple tvo\u0159\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Stavba tohoto \u010dasu je pom\u011brn\u011b pravideln\u00e1. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se podm\u011bt, pomocn\u00e9 sloveso will<\/strong>, p\u0159\u00ed\u010dest\u00ed minul\u00e9 v\u00fdznamov\u00e9ho slovesa a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti v\u011bty. U pravideln\u00fdch sloves m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dest\u00ed obvykle koncovku -ed<\/strong>, u nepravideln\u00fdch sloves je nutn\u00e9 zn\u00e1t jejich t\u0159et\u00ed tvar. Vzor m\u016f\u017eeme zapsat takto: podm\u011bt + will have + p\u0159\u00ed\u010dest\u00ed minul\u00e9<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

V kladn\u00e9 v\u011bt\u011b tedy \u0159ekneme nap\u0159\u00edklad: I will have finished the report by Friday.<\/em> Znamen\u00e1 to \u201eDo p\u00e1tku u\u017e dokon\u010d\u00edm zpr\u00e1vu\u201c nebo p\u0159irozen\u011bji \u201eDo p\u00e1tku budu m\u00edt zpr\u00e1vu hotovou\u201c. V\u011bta nehovo\u0159\u00ed o tom, \u017ee zpr\u00e1va bude pr\u00e1v\u011b v p\u00e1tek dokon\u010dov\u00e1na. Naopak p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee dokon\u010den\u00ed nastane nejpozd\u011bji do p\u00e1tku a v p\u00e1tek u\u017e bude v\u00fdsledek k dispozici.<\/p>\n

U v\u0161ech osob z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pomocn\u00e9 sloveso stejn\u00e9. \u0158ekneme tedy she will have arrived<\/em>, we will have completed<\/em> i they will have left<\/em>. V\u00fdznamov\u00e9 sloveso se nem\u011bn\u00ed podle osoby, co\u017e je jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch \u010das\u016f. Zkr\u00e1cen\u00fd tvar se v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 komunikaci \u010dasto objevuje jako I’ll have done<\/em>, he’ll have arrived<\/em> nebo we’ll have finished<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1por vznik\u00e1 vlo\u017een\u00edm slova not<\/strong> za will<\/strong>: I will not have finished the work by six.<\/em> V\u00fdznam je \u201eDo \u0161esti hodin je\u0161t\u011b nebudu m\u00edt pr\u00e1ci dokon\u010denou\u201c. B\u011b\u017en\u00e1 zkr\u00e1cenina zn\u00ed won’t have<\/em>, nap\u0159\u00edklad They won’t have returned by midnight.<\/em> Ot\u00e1zku tvo\u0159\u00edme p\u0159ehozen\u00edm pomocn\u00e9ho slovesa p\u0159ed podm\u011bt: Will you have completed the course by June?<\/em> Kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f zn\u00ed Yes, I will<\/em> nebo No, I won’t<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Jak poznat, kdy je tento \u010das vhodn\u00fd<\/h2>\n

Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm vod\u00edtkem jsou v\u00fdrazy ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed kone\u010dn\u00fd term\u00edn nebo budouc\u00ed hranici. Pat\u0159\u00ed sem nap\u0159\u00edklad by tomorrow<\/em>, by next week<\/em>, by the end of the year<\/em>, by then<\/em> nebo before Monday<\/em>. V\u00fdraz by<\/strong> zde znamen\u00e1 \u201enejpozd\u011bji do\u201c a velmi \u010dasto upozor\u0148uje na to, \u017ee d\u011bj bude do uveden\u00e9 chv\u00edle ukon\u010den.<\/p>\n

V\u011bta By the end of this month, I will have read three books<\/em> ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 pouze, \u017ee \u010dten\u00ed n\u011bkdy prob\u011bhne. Sd\u011bl\u00ed, \u017ee nejpozd\u011bji na konci m\u011bs\u00edce bude v\u00fdsledek spln\u011bn: t\u0159i knihy budou p\u0159e\u010dten\u00e9. Podobn\u011b By 2030, the company will have opened new offices<\/em> vyjad\u0159uje, \u017ee do roku 2030 u\u017e budou nov\u00e9 kancel\u00e1\u0159e otev\u0159en\u00e9.<\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je tak\u00e9 rozd\u00edl mezi prost\u00fdm budouc\u00edm \u010dasem a p\u0159edbudouc\u00edm \u010dasem. I will finish the project tomorrow<\/em> znamen\u00e1, \u017ee projekt dokon\u010d\u00edm z\u00edtra. By tomorrow, I will have finished the project<\/em> v\u0161ak zd\u016fraz\u0148uje stav, kter\u00fd bude z\u00edtra platit: projekt u\u017e bude hotov\u00fd. Prvn\u00ed v\u011bta popisuje budouc\u00ed ud\u00e1lost, druh\u00e1 se d\u00edv\u00e1 z budoucnosti na dokon\u010den\u00fd v\u00fdsledek.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdklad ozna\u010dovan\u00fd jako future perfect simple<\/a> se proto soust\u0159ed\u00ed hlavn\u011b na vztah mezi budouc\u00edm okam\u017eikem a d\u011bjem, kter\u00fd mu p\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed. Tento zp\u016fsob uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed je u\u017eite\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e mechanick\u00e9 zapamatov\u00e1n\u00ed vzorce, proto\u017ee umo\u017en\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b rozhodnout i u v\u011bt, v nich\u017e nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd v\u00fdraz by<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u010cas se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 tehdy, kdy\u017e budouc\u00ed situace vytvo\u0159\u00ed d\u016fsledek. P\u0159edstavme si koncert, kter\u00fd za\u010dne ve\u010der, ale kamar\u00e1d doraz\u00ed a\u017e o n\u011bkolik hodin pozd\u011bji. M\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edct: When you arrive, everyone will have left.<\/em> P\u0159eklad zn\u00ed: \u201eA\u017e p\u0159ijde\u0161, v\u0161ichni u\u017e budou pry\u010d.\u201c Odchody se z pohledu p\u0159\u00edtomnosti teprve stanou, ale vzhledem k jeho pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu p\u0159\u00edchodu budou ji\u017e dokon\u010den\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u201eA\u017e p\u0159ijde\u0161, s\u00e1l u\u017e bude pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd.\u201c<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u010casov\u00e9 v\u011bty a rozd\u00edl mezi d\u011bjem a v\u00fdsledkem<\/h2>\n

Future perfect simple se \u010dasto objevuje ve v\u011bt\u00e1ch s v\u00fdrazy when<\/em>, before<\/em>, after<\/em> nebo by the time<\/em>. Hlavn\u00ed v\u011bta m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt tvar will have done<\/em>, zat\u00edmco vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dasov\u00e1 v\u011bta obvykle pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd, nikoli will<\/em>. Spr\u00e1vn\u011b tedy \u0159ekneme: When you arrive, I will have cooked dinner.<\/em> To znamen\u00e1: \u201eA\u017e p\u0159ijde\u0161, budu m\u00edt uva\u0159enou ve\u010de\u0159i.\u201c<\/p>\n

Ve v\u011bt\u011b By the time the lesson starts, the students will have opened their books<\/em> je za\u010d\u00e1tek hodiny budouc\u00ed hranic\u00ed. Otev\u0159en\u00ed knih se odehraje d\u0159\u00edve, tak\u017ee v okam\u017eiku zah\u00e1jen\u00ed hodiny u\u017e bude dokon\u010den\u00e9. Vedlej\u0161\u00ed v\u011bta s by the time<\/em> ur\u010duje bod, do kter\u00e9ho se v\u00fdsledek vytvo\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Je t\u0159eba rozli\u0161ovat tak\u00e9 p\u0159edbudouc\u00ed \u010das prost\u00fd a p\u0159edbudouc\u00ed \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd. Prost\u00fd tvar will have worked<\/em> zd\u016fraz\u0148uje dokon\u010den\u00ed nebo po\u010det dosa\u017een\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f: By Friday, she will have written five articles.<\/em> Pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd tvar will have been working<\/em> se soust\u0159ed\u00ed na trv\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dinnosti: By Friday, she will have been working on the project for a month.<\/em> Pokud je hlavn\u00ed my\u0161lenkou hotov\u00fd v\u00fdsledek, pou\u017eijeme simple; pokud d\u00e9lka nebo pr\u016fb\u011bh, hod\u00ed se continuous.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u011b se nesm\u00ed zam\u011b\u0148ovat future perfect simple<\/em> s p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm \u010dasem. V\u011bta I have finished the report<\/em> vyjad\u0159uje dokon\u010den\u00ed relevantn\u00ed pro sou\u010dasnost. Naproti tomu I will have finished the report by tomorrow<\/em> p\u0159esouv\u00e1 celou perspektivu do budoucnosti. Zpr\u00e1va dnes je\u0161t\u011b nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt hotov\u00e1, ale z\u00edtra u\u017e dokon\u010den\u00e1 bude.<\/p>\n

Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed chyby p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed future perfect simple<\/h2>\n

\u010castou chybou je vynech\u00e1n\u00ed pomocn\u00fdch sloves. Nesta\u010d\u00ed \u0159\u00edct I will finished the work<\/em>, proto\u017ee po will<\/strong> n\u00e1sleduje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed tvar slovesa, nikoli p\u0159\u00ed\u010dest\u00ed. U p\u0159edbudouc\u00edho \u010dasu mus\u00ed b\u00fdt cel\u00e1 konstrukce I will have finished the work<\/em>. Slovo have<\/strong> je zde sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed gramatick\u00e9ho vzorce, a to i tehdy, kdy\u017e je podm\u011btem t\u0159et\u00ed osoba.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m p\u0159edstavuje pou\u017eit\u00ed will<\/strong> ve vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dasov\u00e9 v\u011bt\u011b. V neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed angli\u010dtin\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me When she arrives, we will have started the meeting<\/em>, nikoli When she will arrive<\/em>. Budoucnost je v prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti z\u0159ejm\u00e1 z hlavn\u00ed v\u011bty i z celkov\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu. Po spojk\u00e1ch ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch \u010das se proto b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das.<\/p>\n

Studenti n\u011bkdy zvol\u00ed p\u0159edbudouc\u00ed \u010das poka\u017ed\u00e9, kdy\u017e se ve v\u011bt\u011b objev\u00ed budouc\u00ed datum. Samotn\u00e9 datum v\u0161ak nesta\u010d\u00ed. Next year I will study in London<\/em> pouze oznamuje budouc\u00ed \u010dinnost. By next year I will have completed my training<\/em> naopak vyjad\u0159uje, \u017ee do p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho roku bude \u0161kolen\u00ed dokon\u010deno. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed je tedy dokon\u010den\u00ed p\u0159ed ur\u010ditou budouc\u00ed hranic\u00ed, ne pouh\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost budouc\u00edho \u00fadaje.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i procvi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 nejprve ur\u010dit, na jak\u00fd budouc\u00ed okam\u017eik se v\u011bta d\u00edv\u00e1, a potom se zeptat, zda bude sledovan\u00fd d\u011bj v tomto okam\u017eiku u\u017e ukon\u010den. Pokud ano, n\u00e1sleduje vzorec will have + t\u0159et\u00ed tvar slovesa<\/strong>. V\u00fdukov\u00fd port\u00e1l Jazykologcz.com \u0159ad\u00ed toto t\u00e9ma mezi gramatiku pro m\u00edrn\u011b pokro\u010dil\u00e9 a vysv\u011btluje je v r\u00e1mci materi\u00e1l\u016f ur\u010den\u00fdch student\u016fm od za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edk\u016f po pokro\u010dil\u00e9. Takov\u00fd postup pom\u00e1h\u00e1 pochopit v\u00fdznam prakticky, nejen si zapamatovat izolovanou tabulku.<\/p>\n

Nejlep\u0161\u00ed kontrolou je p\u0159ev\u00e9st v\u011btu do p\u0159irozen\u00e9 \u010de\u0161tiny a hledat v\u00fdznam \u201eu\u017e bude hotovo\u201c, \u201eu\u017e bude pry\u010d\u201c nebo \u201edo t\u00e9 doby se stane\u201c. Jakmile v\u011bta spojuje budouc\u00ed bod s v\u00fdsledkem dokon\u010den\u00e9ho d\u011bje, je future perfect simple<\/em> zpravidla spr\u00e1vnou volbou.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u0159edbudouc\u00ed \u010das prost\u00fd, tedy future perfect simple, slou\u017e\u00ed k vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed d\u011bje, kter\u00fd bude v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku v budoucnosti ji\u017e dokon\u010den. Nezam\u011b\u0159uje se pouze na to, co se stane, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na v\u00fdsledek, kter\u00fd bude v budoucnu patrn\u00fd. Mluv\u010d\u00ed se pomysln\u011b p\u0159esune do budouc\u00edho bodu a d\u00edv\u00e1 se zp\u011bt na \u010dinnost, je\u017e do t\u00e9 doby skon\u010d\u00ed. … Continue reading “Jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat p\u0159edbudouc\u00ed \u010das prost\u00fd future perfect simple v angli\u010dtin\u011b”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15116500,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1296114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8407","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pokerdom-bonusy-za-clients-site-522"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pheMJ1-2bB","jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dublin.wordcamp.org\/2019\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8407","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dublin.wordcamp.org\/2019\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dublin.wordcamp.org\/2019\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dublin.wordcamp.org\/2019\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15116500"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dublin.wordcamp.org\/2019\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8407"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/dublin.wordcamp.org\/2019\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8407\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8408,"href":"https:\/\/dublin.wordcamp.org\/2019\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8407\/revisions\/8408"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dublin.wordcamp.org\/2019\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8407"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dublin.wordcamp.org\/2019\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8407"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dublin.wordcamp.org\/2019\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8407"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}